城市轨道交通全自动运行列车的需求分析

从功能需求、RAMS(可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安全性)需求及列车设计需求等方面,对全自动无人驾驶列车的需求进行分析。着重讨论了全自动无人驾驶列车在运行模式、控制方式、列车状态监控、安全需求等方面的功能特点及优势。     

MTMD to increase fatigue life for OWT jacket structures using Powell's method

The Powell's method was developed to determine the optimal stiffness and damping of multi-tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures under fatigue loads. Numerical examples indicated that the Powell's method results are always better than those using MTMD formulations. With the exception of the blade passing (3P) frequency, it was found in this work that a positive integer (n) multiple of the 3P frequency will also result in a large wind-induced vibration, which can be excited by the frequency of the first structural vertical rotation mode and will cause significant fatigue damage. The first translation mode TMD installed at the tower top is efficient to increase fatigue life at the tower and brace connections, but it cannot reduce fatigue damage at the column and brace connections below the platform. The second translation mode TMD can reduce fatigue damage resulting from large wave loads and thus increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. The mode-3 TMD with a reduction in the 3(3P) vertical rotation can effectively increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. Thus, the appropriate use of these TMDs can be effective for the fatigue problem of OWT support structures.     

长输油气管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术研究

以管道漏磁内检测器为载体,通过对管体进行在线的漏磁内检测,可以达到量化管道缺陷、避免事故发生的目的。文中介绍了管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术,分析了油气管道漏磁内检测技术原理及漏磁内检测系统组成,利用有限元分析方法研究了管道缺陷尺寸对于漏磁场信号的影响,验证了管道漏磁内检测技术的可靠性。     

Sources and exposure risk of trace elements for traffic policemen in roadside locations

Samples of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at four types of roadside location (major road, secondary road, branch road, and expressway) in Tianjin were collected and analyzed in 2015. The average annual roadside PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were higher than the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS: GB3095-2012). The chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ over four seasons displayed significant differences (p < 0.05). An enrichment factor (EF) analysis revealed that Cd, copper (Cu), Zn, As, Ni, and Pb in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. A factor analysis (FA) and correlation analysis (CA) revealed that vehicle emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust), soil dust, coal combustion, and industrial emissions were the main sources of roadside PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Tianjin. Both the total hazard quotients (total HQ) and the total carcinogenic risk (total CR) for selected elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were within acceptable limits. The HQ of Pb was higher than for other metals, and it should therefore be given special attention. The CR for traffic policemen was highest for Cr exposure (1.01 × 10⁻⁵ for PM_2.5 and 1.52 × 10⁻⁵ for PM₁₀), followed by As and Ni. A sensitivity analysis showed that the total contributions of the metal concentrations, exposure time (ET), and exposure frequency (EF) accounted for over 50% of the risk for Cr, As, and Ni, suggesting that these metals had the greatest impact on the uncertainty of health risk assessments.     

某车型轮毂轴承异响分析研究

某车型在进行结构耐久过程中出现了异响问题,经试验人员检测,该异响是轮毂轴承处产生,本文通过对轴承的设计原理,异响产生的机理进行分析,同时分析、对标了轮毂轴承在整车、零件上的装配保证能力,最终将该异响根本原因锁定在整车拧紧力矩问题上,经设计改善,车辆的整个耐久路试未有轮毂轴承异响问题发生,问题得到解决。为后续轴承异响问题排查提供参考。     

基于MARC外水切压缩负荷优化

本文介绍了外水切CAE模型分析外水切压缩负荷的方法。压缩压缩负荷是外水切的一个重要参数,压缩负荷的设计不合理,会直接影响玻璃的升降和刮水性能。利用MARC可以对外水切截面进行有限元分析,在设计前期可以指导工程师进行截面优化,得到合理的压缩负荷。     

山区铁路路堑边坡滑塌整治技术研究

山区铁路路堑边坡常出现滑塌现象,为保证铁路运营安全,需及时采取整治措施。本文以某铁路滑塌路堑边坡为例,根据现场调查、地质水文资料,结合数值模拟结果剖析路堑边坡稳定性及滑塌机制,并对引起边坡滑塌的因素制定针对性整治措施。结果表明:连续降雨以及长期排水不畅会导致地层性质减弱、滑动面下移,将诱发加固边坡发生二次滑塌;为减少对既有边坡防护的扰动破坏,对二次垮塌边坡挡护进行合理加固补强亦可满足边坡稳定要求。     

汽车前照灯闪烁问题分析及设计优化

汽车前照灯是整车照明的重要组成,随着时代的发展,汽车前照灯的设计也越来越简单化、多样化。本文针对某车型项目阶段出现的前照灯闪烁问题,从前照灯的控制逻辑展开,分析故障产生的原因,并研究优化方案。     

运营高铁车站黄土路基沉降特征及原因分析

针对黄土地区某高铁车站路基沉降病害问题,选取典型区域,采用PS-InSRA技术对变形区域进行监测,获取2017年2月至2019年6月的Sentinel-1A卫星影像数据并与现场勘测结果相结合,分析形变特征和趋势,以指导后续病害治理。结果表明:研究区域路基沉降主要发生在2017年5月至9月和2018年4月至8月两个时间段,春夏季沉降速率较大,秋冬季相对平稳;地基土含水率在13%~26%之间,在地下2 m和4 m为含水率增加速率临界深度,0~2 m范围内的含水率增加较快,2~4 m范围内的含水率增加速率减缓,4~10 m范围内含水率基本稳定;路基部位地基处理影响范围有限,路基侧沟外侧地基土干密度偏小,渗透系数偏大,路基沉降的主要原因为车站场坪地表汇水渗入地基引起路基黄土层湿化变形。     

在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害成因分析及治理措施研究北大核心CSCD

盾构法广泛应用于我国城市轨道交通隧道的建设中,盾构管片的病害问题也越发受到重视。文章针对某地铁在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害,绘制了管片破损病害展布图,分析了相关资料和检测数据,明确了病害的成因机理,制定并实施了相应治理措施。研究结果表明:管片背后大范围空洞导致围岩对隧道的约束不足,引起已成型隧道在盾构机反推力和扭矩、同步注浆浆液浮力、刀盘水土压力和扭矩等作用下发生类压杆弯扭失稳是导致该病害的主要原因;隧道变形监测数据表明"背后注浆填充+破损部位修复"两阶段治理措施取得了良好的治理效果;盾构隧道施工过程中,应严格管控同步注浆质量,防止隧道轴线偏移引起盾构管片发生开裂破损等病害。